Basis of accounting

Explanation of the accrual basis This is an accounting principle that has numerous applications in the finance sector. This principle forms the basis of recording revenues and expenditure in an entity’s statements. This principle recognizes revenues once they become receivable. Consequently, no monetary transfer is essential for certain revenues to be included in the records. Similarly, the principle recognizes expenditure once it becomes payable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Basis of accounting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, this principle establishes a criterion for consideration of revenues and expenditure transferred to the diverse accounts. Consequently, the income statement contains figures of expenditure and proceeds despite the absence of monetary transfer. This implies that the resultant profit is on an accrual basis and does not denote the surplus money in an entity. This is deceitf ul to many investors who fail to recognize such a profits are accounting figures. This principle affects the values of various entries in the business. First, the sale figure contains all the values of all goods dispatched with a promise of payment. The promise of payment deems the sales receivable. This accounting basis utilizes the sales figure despite there being no exchange in finances. This principle also affects inventory since it recognizes the cost incurred despite the absence of payment. This principle also affects expenditure consequently; the accountants ought to charge any expenditure incurred despite the entity not making payments. This principle helps the entity to record transactions in their appropriate accounting duration. If transactions were charged based on monetary transfer, then some transactions would be reflected in a wrong accounting duration. The application of accrual basis affects various items in records. Additionally, it affects the profit reflected in the records. Ultimately, it is imperative to disclose this principle in the statement to allow proper decision-making by investors (Warren, 2010). Undesirability of the accounting basis Many organizations adopt the accrual basis. However, it has undesirable implications. Additionally, it is tricky for investors to make apt decisions based on such accounts. The above reasons make this accounting basis undesirable to countless organizations. Many investors may analyze the income statement and fail to recognize the accounting basis utilized. Consequently, the investor may see an entity exceedingly attractive based on its profitability. However, the investor may fail to decipher that the profit is an accounting figure and does not denote the surplus cash at the entity. An entity may have a massive profitability figure nonetheless; the entity could be facing liquidity hitches since the entity revenues are unpaid. The accounting profit may be deceitful to individuals that have minimal acc ounting familiarity. Accordingly, most accounting standards demand that entity states the assumptions adopted in records preparation.Advertising Looking for essay on accounting? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This accounting basis results in organizations paying additional taxes for incomes that have accrued but not received. This result in an entity’s finances diminishing. This is not favourable for any entity since it results in reduced earnings. Additionally, this may result in complications with the authorities that manage taxation. Overall, the accrual basis is considerably difficult to enact and may pose a sizeable challenge to accountants. Under this method, it is difficult to determine the actual profitability of an entity since the recognition of the impact of transactions precedes monetary transfer. Unlike the accrual basis, the alternative basis is rigid. Consequently, business cannot limit the accruing tax. Hence, many entities end-up paying additional levies. Conclusively, the basis discussed above has significant implications on an entity’s profitability and the decisions that investors make (Ruppel, 2009). References Ruppel, W. (2009). Governmental accounting made easy. United Kingdom, UK: Wiley publication. Warren, C. (2010). Survey of accounting. California, CA: Cengage learning. This essay on Basis of accounting was written and submitted by user Landon Bowers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Verb Agreement with Number

Noun/Verb Agreement with Number Noun/Verb Agreement with â€Å"Number† Noun/Verb Agreement with â€Å"Number† By Mark Nichol When a sentence begins with â€Å"A number of,† should the verb that follows be singular, or plural? For example, when a sentence refers to a number of objections being raised, is was correct, or should you use were? In this case, number stands in as a vague reference to the quantity of objections, but the objections themselves are the focus of the sentence: â€Å"A number of objections were raised.† (This last sentence is passive; it might be better to construct the sentence more actively by identifying and emphasizing those who objected: â€Å"Community members raised a number of objections during the public-comments period.† Occasionally, though, the identity of the actor or actors is irrelevant, or the writer wishes to deemphasize or disguise their identity. That’s why passive construction isn’t categorically wrong it’s merely less direct.) However, when the sentence begins with â€Å"The number of,† the verb that follows should be singular: â€Å"The number of chairs available is 500,† for example, is correct, because the subject of the sentence is number, not chairs, and number is a singular noun. (Of course, â€Å"Five hundred chairs are available† avoid starting a sentence with a numeral is more direct and concise, but, again, sometimes a more relaxed syntax is desirable.) The difference may seem negligible, but consider that in an â€Å"a number of† construction, though the plurality of phenomena in the sentence is important, the identity of the phenomena objections, in the first example above is the essential information. Likewise, in the second example, the reader needs to know what objects the stated quantity refers to, but the point of the sentence is the quantity; hence, number is the key word. The same principle applies when the sentence begins with the expletive there or here, followed by a verb: â€Å"There are a number of objections† and â€Å"Here is the number of chairs you requested.† Again, these sentences are not necessarily ideally constructed, but when you need to write in such a syntactical style, remember, â€Å"A number . . . are† and â€Å"The number . . . is.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Internatioanal Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Internatioanal Business Report - Essay Example Corruption follows FDI but these are issues that have to be taken in the stride. Labour laws too are stringent in India although reforms could make the work environment more congenial. India offers absolute and comparative advantage in this sector and the risks are low. Cultural differences do exist between the two nations but since most international chains in India are US-based and have achieved success, there is likelihood of Coffee & Bytes also succeeding in its venture. A multinational Corporation based in the US – (Coffee & Bytes) – is looking for overseas expansion. It has presence in a few developing nations such as the UK and Italy and is now seeking to open up in India. C&B specializes in different varieties of aromatic coffee and has budget snacks to go with it. It is based on the fast food concept like Cafà © Coffee Day chains but operations are on a much lower scale. However their interest in India has arisen because of the growing consumerism in the country in the past decade. Global retailers are interested in India because of its geographic advantages, its versatile demographics and a growing economy with a stable government (Article Base, 2009). The prospects for food chains in India is high because unlike the developed countries where fast food is seen as functional, in India, the idea of eating out is still aspirational (Mitra, 2009). Eating out in India is still a family activity and family entertainment. The demand for fast food in India is growing as more nuclear families have come up and look for fast readymade food (Kulkarni & Lassar, 2009). However, the local government has been trying to promote healthy eating and hence the multinational chains have been alerted. In view of the prospects and the challenges in the food chains in India, C&B needs to study the international business environment which is influenced by the micro and macro policies

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Assignment 1 - Essay Example 230) states that it is wrong to â€Å"blur such distinctions as under vs. over or in vs. on;† and pictorial representations can be pretty helpful in addressing these issues while constructing a language based schema. Only when the researcher has progressed in it, there is the hope that he/she has mastered strategies that can assist in implementing Sowa-Sloman heuristics. Roughly, the Sowa-Sloman heuristics (Sowa 1984) consist of two major phases. At the first phase, this heuristic paradigm uses type and token distinction system. Subsequently, Aristotle’s idea of inheritable systems under a type (or assign category) is used. In the second phase, analysis is to be done. So first a schema is to be constructed, and then the sets of data in question would be ontologically mapped onto this schema. Sowa (1984) started with conceptual graphs, but then developed characteristics of diagrams in his graphs. It can be debated that whether he enriched or modified standard graph theory in mathematical sense, but without such a manipulation through Sowa-Sloman heuristics artificial intelligence cannot become comprehensive when tackling problems related to aesthetics rather than mathematics. The concept of picture is important for me. However, if I see a picture, or more precisely, a piece of art mounted on a wall, I will not be able to understand it without organising my thoughts. So if I implemented the Sowa-Sloman heuristics, I would first seek to understand that what kind of picture do I see? So I have to create a schema. Suppose this schema has three categories. The concept under category 1 would define oil paintings. Inheriting this characteristic from the super class of this category, I will then seek to know whether the artwork has been created by a professional artist or an amateur artist. If by a professional artist, then to which school of art does it belong? If by an amateur artist, then is the work in

The European Dimension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The European Dimension - Essay Example Marks & Spencer was named as the leading UK retailer responsible for fish sourcing by Greenpeace, and Marine Conservation Society. Similarly, RSPCA recognised them for their animal welfare policy and launch of a range of clothing made from Fairtrade certified cotton in clothing. Marks & Spencer has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability and FTSE 4 Goods index. They converted all the roast, ground, and instant coffee to Fairtrade, and became the first major UK high street retailer to launch a range of clothing made from Fairtrade certified cotton (An extract from the Chairman’s speech on the occasion of CSR) (Marks & Spencer-The Company, www2.marksandspencer.com [Accessed 20 August 2006]). Marks & Spencer work to protect the environment and animal welfare, and have made huge contributions in the development of community services in countries where they have their presence. The company’s hard work has seen them included in the Dow Jones Sustainability and FTSE 4 Good Indexes and ranked equal 20th with a score of 95% in Business in the Community’s Corporate Responsibility Index (Marks & Spencer-The Company). They manage CSR under Product, People and Places. The United Kingdom, from the census gathered from 2001 showed the total population of the country at 58789194 of which, 28579869 were men, and 30209325 were women. At the same time London, based on data released on or before 13 February 2003 showed a population of 7172091.

Estimation of Northern Bobwhite Densities in South Texas

Estimation of Northern Bobwhite Densities in South Texas Principal Investigators Bart M. Ballard, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363. Fidel Hernà ¡ndez, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 Leonard A. Brennan, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas AM University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are a wide-ranging species and are commonly hunted throughout Texas. Their population has been declining since about 1880 and are decreasing in abundance in over 75% of their range in the United States (Leopold 1931, Errington and Hammerstrom 1936, Lehmann 1937, Guthery 2002). Texas has been seen as one of the remaining strong holds in North America (Rollins 2002) but recent evidence shows that populations are also declining within Texas (DeMaso et al. 2002). These declines have spurred an increase in research and management of the species and an improved understanding of the species (Guthery 2002). Declining numbers however can be difficult to understand because of their natural boom-bust population cycles and influence of weather on the population (Lehmann 1953, Keil 1976, Guthery et al. 1988, Bridges et al. 2001, Lusk et al. 2002). In order to properly manage quail within south Texas where there is large annual variation in precipitation an d temperatures local population trends are needed. Current hunting regulations are set at the state level where a liberal hunting framework (15 birds/day over 120 season; Brennan 2014) is assumed to have is little to no impact on the population (Guthery et al. 2004b). However, these state-wide regulations are not appropriate when managing at the fine scale where such a liberal harvest quota could negatively affect local populations (Roseberry and Klimstra 1984, Peterson 1999, Brennan et al. 2014). Bobwhites variable population cycles make it necessary for local land managers to set harvest limits based on local population trends (Brennan 2014). By setting sustainable harvest limits based on local population densities the likelihood of population crashes goes down and there is quicker recovery following drought conditions and natural population declines (Brennan 2014). Recent recommendations for harvest values were made by Brennan in 2014 for south Texas where there is extreme variability in precipitation and temperatures compared to other regions of their range. These recommendations are based on the assumption of good environmental conditions, a 20% harvest rate, and are density depended. It is also recommended to conduct fall surveys in late November-mid December when detection is highest and basing the harvest on pre-hunt population numbers to minimize the probability of local extinction (Guthery et al. 2000, Sands 2010). Estimating yearly and seasonal population densities can be difficult for many reasons including observer variability, local habitat variability and change between years, environmental factors such as weather, and species characteristics (Rusk et al 2007). Common methods include estimating abundance using indices or using distance sampling (Rusk et al. 2007). However, the accuracy of indices is sensitive to changes in detection (Anderson 2001, 2003, Rosenstock et al. 2002; Thompson 2002). During bobwhite population lows it becomes even more difficult to estimate population density due extremely low encounter rates (1 covey/7km; Kuvlesky et al. 1989). Distance sampling allows for varying detection probabilities while estimating densities and is a popular method that has been used successfully for bobwhites in many studies in south Texas (Brennan and Block 1986, Shupe et al 1987, Guthery 1988, Guthery and Shupe 1989, DeMaso et. al. 1992, Rusk et al 2007). Unlike census techniques that are based on the assumption that all individuals within the survey area are counted, distance sampling works under the assumption that more animals are missed the farther you get from a transect (Brennan and Block 1986). To calculate density within a survey area, the perpendicular distance from a transect to an animal is recorded and then used to calculate a probability density function (Burnham et al. 1980, Buckland 2004) from which the density throughout the study area can be estimated using Program Distance (Thomas et al. 2010). Assumptions of distance sampling which must be met include: 1) all animals on the transect are detected, 2) animals are detected at their original locations prior to any movement in response to the observer, and 3) distances are measured accurately (Buckland 1992). These assumptions can be difficult to meet in field condition but most issues with these assumptions can be addressed using proper survey design, post processing of the data, and statistical analysis. Assumption one can be relaxed if needed by incorporating a double observer design in which two counts are occurring simultaneously (Laake and Borchers 2004) or by applying an adjustment term. Assumption two can be violated if animals have the chance to respond to the surveyors by running, coming closer, or learning to hide (Buckland et al. 2001). Careful analysis of data can help determine if and how this assumption is violated and certain techniques can be implemented to account for animal responses such as truncation of data close to the line in cases were animals run (Fewster et al. 2008). Assumption three can be violated by untrained observers, lack of proper technology, or inaccurate estimates of cluster sizes if animals are clustered (Buckland et al 2001). Another assumption which can be violated includes independence between animal observations which can be an issue if surveys are done on roads or too close together (Thomas et al 2009). Careful survey design is crucial to accurately estimating population densities and local knowledge of habitat, densities, and environmental gradients help when designing surveys. Once densities are estimated for a region careful consideration and local knowledge is needed to make the proper recommendations for hunting regulations and habitat management. Given accurate densities, harvest can be optimized at the ranch or pasture levels while also decreasing the likelihood of local population extinction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study is to design a repeatable helicopter line transect survey for the King ranch study location which will be implemented over a three-year period from Sept 2018-December 2021. From this data fall bobwhite quail densities will be estimated using Program Distance from which management recommendations can be made. Specifically, our goals are; Develop a repeatable helicopter line-transect survey protocol for bobwhite quail Implement survey over three fall survey seasons Use Distance software to develop detection probability functions and estimate fall densities which can be used to aid in management and conservation decisions. METHODS Study Area The study area includes a 25,000 acre section of the King Ranch (King Ranch, Kingsville TX) located south west of Kingsville (Figure1). The study area is located in the South Texas Plains ecoregion and may include parts of the Gulf Prairie and Marshes ecoregion (Gould 1975) Within this region there is high variability in rainfall (Correl and Johnsonston 1979; Omernik 1987) causing local populations to exhibit strong boom-bust population cycles. Major plant communities present on the King Ranch include blue stem prairie (Schizachyrium scoparium), mesquite-granjeno thornbrush (Prosopis glandulosa- Celtis pallida), mesquite-bluestem savannah, oak-bluestem (Quercus virginiana, Quercus stellata) (McLendon 1991, Fulbright and Bryant 2002). Major land uses on the King Ranch include commercial hunting and cattle production (Schnupp et al 2013). Annual rainfall is on average 65.4 cm with monthly values ranging from 1.4-13cm (Williamson 1983). Figure 1. Divisions of the King Ranch (green), located in south Texas. Habitat includes but are not limited to shrub land, grasslands, mesquite-woodlands, oaklands, freshwater wetlands, and saltmarsh. Habitat is managed for cattle, white tail deer, and quail. Experimental Approach:       Transect design To estimate fall densities within the survey area we will first develop a three-year helicopter based, line-transect count survey. We will develop the transects in such a way that if desired, the surveys can continue past three years. Spatial layers will be made for the study area boundary and line transects in ArcGIS 10.3 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA). Sample transects were placed parallel to each other leading north to south (Figure 2) and further stratification will be done using post processing techniques if desired. Transects were places at a distance of 400 meters from each other with a random starting location and giving a survey coverage of 50 percent. Given this design we have 30 transects of 8 km in length and a total survey length of 240 km (Figure 2). Figure 2. Sample study area with transects (n=30) with survey zones of 100m to each side of the transect. Landcover includes woodland/shrublands (dark green), grasslands (light green), agriculture (light brown), wetlands (blue) and urban (red). Given previous encounter rates of 1 covey/0.95km observed during a comparable study on another section of the King Ranch (Rusk et al. 2007), this design would yield an estimated 250 observations. However, encounter rates have been reported to be much lower during population lows; Rusk 2007 documented as low as 1 covey/7.38 km while walking transects in a low year verses 1 covey/ 1.96 km in an abundant year. Given flying transects gives roughly twice the number of detections per km, we will assume a helicopter flight on a low population year would give an encounter rate of  ¼ km and 60 observations. To make sure that this transect design will provide a 25% or less Coefficient of Variation for population density estimates we can plug use the equation (Buckland 1993): L= Where L= total line length needed, = the coefficient of variation for population density estimate, and L0/n0 = encounter rate, or the number of quail detected per km of transect. The value b is typically between 1.5-3 (Burnham 1980) and it is most frequently assumed that b=3 (Buckland 1993). Given this equation, under an assumed encounter rate of 1 covey/.95 km and a 25% CV the minimum total transect length is: L= However, when the encounter rate is dropped to 1 covey/4 km during a population low, the needed length becomes: L= By conducting more surveys than is needed to achieve a 25% CV there is less of a chance that during a dry year we will not be able to estimate density because of lack of encounters. After year one we will re-evaluate transect design by incorporating the first years encounter rate to help determine transect lengths for years two and three (Buckland 1993). Field Surveys Surveys will take place in the first week of October to give enough time to provide updated recommendation for harvest quotas before the onset of quail regular season on October 29th (TPWD, Outdoor Annual). October 1st of each year a mock survey will be done in which tools are calibrated and extra surveyor training done if need following protocols similar to Schnupp et al. (2013). This test flight will occur along a 3 km transect with 16 targets (Otto and Pollock 1990, Shnupp et al. 2013). Each side of the transect will have 8 targets (dove decoys suspended at 1.2m) distributed randomly between 10-70m at 10m intervals from the line and spaced 300m apart along the transect (Schnupp et al.). This will help reduce potential errors counts due to equipment malfunction and surveyor error. The full survey will begin the day after the mock survey and all transects will be surveyed once per year. If detections for an entire survey are below 80 then a second survey will be done. Surveys will take place in the first 3 and last three hours of day light when possible and the start location will vary each survey. From the start location, every other transect will be sampled to reduce the probability of over counting and then returning to skipped transmitters as soon as possible. We will use a four person helicopter such as the Robinson R-44 (Robinson Helicopter Company, Torrance, California) or similar models equipped with a parallel swathing lightbar for navigation (2005; Raven RGL 600, Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, South Dakota). Surveys will be conducted at approximately 48 km/hour and at a height of 18 m (Shupe et al. 1987, Rusk 2007) One observer will be facing forward counting coveys directly on the line and two rear-facing observers counting quail which flush on the s ides or behind the helicopter. When a covey is spotted, the helicopter will hover briefly to allow observer to use the range finder and count the number of quail in the covey. The forward facing technician in addition to counting coveys will help navigate to the transects, and will start and stop the survey recordings (Schnupp 2013). The two rear observers will collect data as well as enter data for all surveyors. Covey counts and covey size will be recorded for 100 meters to each side of the helicopter using laser electronic range finders, differential global positioning systems, personal tablet computers, and keypads (Schnupp et al. 2013). Tablets will be installed with ArcPad (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA), and connected to the laser range finders with sub meter accuracy. The differential global positioning system will collect 5 points/second to track the flight path. Electronic range finders will be synced to tablets using blue tooth and will measure distance to covey, compass bearing, angle of inclination and horizontal offset of covey from the helicopter for each covey. Key pads were also used to record sizes of coveys. Raw survey information is then imported into ArcMap 10.3 for data processing and then imported to Program Distance. Distance Analysis Using distance survey data collected over three years we will calculate densities and variance estimates in Program Distance 7.0 similar to Rusk et al 2007. Program Distance calculates estimated densities and variances as s) Where is density, n is the number of coveys detected, is the effective half-band width, cv is the coefficient of variation, L is the length of transects, and E(s) is average covey size. Effective half widths with be calculated in distance by fitting detection functions to histograms of distances and covey counts. To improve model fit, 5% of the right hand data will be truncated (Buckland et al. 2001; Shnupp 2013) and data will be evaluated visually for any signs of violation of the basic assumptions. We will consider a variety of detection functions (uniform, half-normal, and hazard-rate with several series adjustments) and choose the best fitting model using Akaikes Information Criterion values (AICc) and chi-square analysis (Buckland 2001; Shnupp 2013). We will then develop a global detection function for each year to estimate fall densities and use confidence intervals and coefficient of variation reported from distance. If stratification by pasture is desired and there are enough observations to do so, then detection functions will be built at the pasture level otherwise a global detection function will be applied to each pasture. A coefficient of variation of less than 20% is recommended for bobwhite density estimates (Guthery 1988) but we will consider a coefficient of variation of 25% acceptable. EXPECTED RESULTS AND BENEFITS From these three fall bobwhite quail surveys, we will be able to report yearly bobwhite density estimates and begin to understand local population trends. Once funding is approved, exact methods will be refined using actual ranch and pasture boundaries and habitat gradients. Survey design will be reviewed by quail researchers at the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute to ensure proper design. Yearly encounter rates, detection functions, estimated population density, and recommendations for harvest rates will be provided in annual reports. A final report will be submitted in the form of a dissertation chapter within one year after the completion of the last fall survey. This chapter will summarize yearly results as well as trends observed throughout the study region and will include recommendations for sustainable harvest limits. Research results may be presented at professional meetings and will include one or more King ranch employees as authors and King Ranch will be acknowledged as the primary funding contributor. Project deliverables include: P.h.D dissertation chapter and corresponding scientific publication Scientific presentations Spreadsheets of density estimates and recommended harvest rates ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSIDERATIONS Not applicable to the proposed project. ETHICAL USE OF ANIMALS Animal and Care Use form is not required PERSONNEL This study will be a cooperative project between the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute (CKWRI) and the King Ranch. Drs. Bart M. Ballard, Fidel Hernandez, and Leonard A. Brennan will be primary investigators. This project will include one P.h.D. student who will act as project coordinator and field supervisor. The graduate student hired will also be responsible for hiring part-time student technicians to aid in surveys. The student hired will conduct fall densities surveys on the King Ranch as a partial fulfillment of P.h.D contract and will also be conducting other quail research in assistance of other projects. SCHEDULE 2018-2019 Activity Jan-April: Await funding April-May: Search for P.h.D candidate June-Sept:Hire student, coordinate field surveys and hire part-time surveyors for Survey week October: Fly surveys and estimate fall densities November: Further data analysis and reporting 2019-2020 Activity Aug-Sept: Refine transects/protocol if needed, hire technicians for Survey week October:Fly surveys and estimate fall densities November: Further data analysis and reporting 2020-2021 Activity Aug-Nov:Same schedule as above December: Provide final analysis and Report BUDGET Equipment Estimates: 2 Electronic distance estimators ($18,000 each) =36,000 2 Tablets w/accessories: = $1,600 2 Keypads: $100 1Raven Cruiser: $2,000 Rounded Estimate: $40,000 Annual Expenses: -P.h.D student stipend: $1500 with fringe benefits at .7% of salary and medical (up to 250$/month) = $22,260/year -2 Short term technicians: 100$/day during fall surveys. Total=2 technicians*$100*7 days a year= 1400/year -Helicopter time: 500$/hr *estimated 10 hrs per year= $5,000/year -Driving costs: $0.50/mi+ gas. Exact distance to site in unknown, preliminary estimate= $10,000/year Summary of Annual Cost: 2018-2019: $78,660 2019-2020: $38,660 2020-2021: $38,660 LITERATURE CITED Anderson, D. R. 2001. The need to get the basics right in wildlife à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ eld studies. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:1294-1297. Anderson, D. R. 2003. Response to Engeman: index values rarely constitute reliable information. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:288-291. Brennan, L. A., and W. M. Block. 1986. Line transect estimates of mountain quail density. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:373 Brennan, L.A., F. Hernandez, E.D. Grahmann, F. C. Bryant, M.J. Schnupp, D.S. Delaney, and R. Howard. 2014. Quail Harvest Guidelines for South Texas: Concepts, Philosophy, and Applications; Wildife Technical Publication No. 3 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas AM University-Kingsville. Bridges, A. S., M. J. Peterson, N. J. Silvy, F. E. Smeins, and X. B. Wu. 2001. Differential influence of weather on regional quail abundance in Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:10-18. Buckland, S. T. 1992. Fitting density functions using polynomials. Applied Statistics. 41:63. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers, and L. Thomas. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers, and L. Thomas. 2004. Advanced distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. Burnham, K. P., D. R. Anderson, and J. L. Laake. 1980. Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monographs 72. Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of vascular plants of Texas. The University of Texas Printing Division, Austin, Texas, USA. DeMaso, S. J., F. S. Guthery, G. S. Spears, and S. M. Rice. 1992. Morning covey calls as an index of northern bobwhite density. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:94-101. DeMaso, S. J., M. J. Peterson, J. R. Purvis, N. J. Silvy, and J. L. Cooke. 2002. A comparison of two quail abundance indices and their relationship to quail harvest in Texas. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 5:206-212. Errington, P. L., and F. N. Hammerstrom, Jr. 1936. The northern bob-whites winter territory. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts Research Bulletin 201:305-443. Fewster, R.M., Southwell, C., Borchers, D.L., Buckland, S.T. Pople, A.R. 2008. The influence of animal mobility on the assumption of uniform distance in aerial line transect surveys. Wildlife Research 35:275-288. Fulbright, T. E., and F. C. Bryant. 2002. The last great habitat. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Special Publication No. 1, Kingsville, Texas, USA Guthery, F. S. 1988. Line transect sampling of bobwhite density of rangeland: evaluation and recommendations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16:193-203. Guthery, F. S., N. E. Koerth, and D. S. Smith. 1988. Reproduction of northern bobwhites in semiarid environments. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:144-149. Guthery, F. S., and T. E. Shupe. 1989. Line transect vs. capture-removal estimates of bobwhite density. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Guthery, F. S., M. J. Peterson, and R. R. George. 2000. Viability of northern bobwhite populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:646à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢662. Sands 2010 Guthery, F. S. 2002. The technology of bobwhite management: the theory behind the practice. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA Guthery, F. S. 2002. The technology of bobwhite management: the theory behind the practice. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. Guthery et al. 2004b Guthery, F. S., M. J. Peterson, J. J. Lusk, M. J. Rabe, S. J. DeMaso, M. Sams, R. D. Applegate, and T. V. Dailey. 2004. Multi-state analysis of fixed, liberal regulations in quail harvest management. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:1104-1113 Hernà ¡ndez, F., F. S. Guthery, and W. P. Kuvlesky. 2002a. The legacy of bobwhite research in south Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:1-18. Kiel, W. H. 1976. Bobwhite quail population characteristics and management implications in south Texas. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 41:407-20. Kuvlesky, W.P., B.H. Koerth,andN.J.Silvy.1989.Problemsofestimating northern bobwhite populations at low density. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeast Association of FishandWildlifeAgencies43:260-267. Laake, J.L. and Borchers, D.L. 2004. Methods for incomplete detection at distance zero. Advanced Distance Sampling (eds S.T. Buckland, D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, J.L. Laake, D.L. Borchers and L.Thomas). pp. 108-189. Oxford University Press Oxford. Lehmann, V. W. 1937. Increase quail by improving their habitat. Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USA. Lehmann, V. W. 1953. Bobwhite population fluctuations with vitamin a. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference. 18:199-246 Leopold, A. 1931. Report on a game survey of the north central states. Democrat Printing Company, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Lusk, J. J., F. S. Guthery, R. R. George, M. J. Peterson, and S. J. DeMaso. 2002. Relative abundance of bobwhites in relation to weather and landuse. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:1040-1051. McLendon, T. 1991. Preliminary description of the vegetation of south Texas exclusive of coastal saline zones. Texas Journal of Science 43: 13-32. Otto, M. C., and K. H. Pollock. 1990. Size bias in line transect sampling: a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ eld test. Biometrics 46:239-245. Peterson, M. J. 1999. Quail harvest management in Texas: a rational approach. Pages 124-133 in K. A. Cearly, editor. Preserving Texas Quail Hunting Heritage into the 21st Century. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas AM University, College Station, USA. Rollins, D. 2002. Sustaining the quail wave in the southern great plains. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 5:48-56. Roseberry, J. L., and W. D. Klimstra. 1984. Population Ecology of the Bobwhite. Southern Illinois University Press. Rosenstock, S. S., D. R. Anderson, K. M. Giesen, T. Leukering, and M. F. Carter. 2002. Landbird counting techniques: current practices and an alternative. Auk 119:46-53. Rusk, J.P., F. Hernandez, J.A. Arredondo, F. Hernandez, F.C. Bryant, D.G.Hewitt, E.J. Redeker, L.A Brennan, R.L. Bingham. 2007. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71:4(1336-1343). Shupe, T. E., F. S. Guthery, and S. L. Beasom. 1987. Use of helicopters to survey northern bobwhite populations on rangeland. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:458-462. Thomas, L., S. T. Buckland, E. A. Rexstad, J. L. Laake, S. Strindberg, S. L. Hedley, J. R. B. Bishop, T. A. Marques, and K. P. Burnham. 2010. Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:5-14. Thompson, W. L. 2002. Towards reliable bird surveys: accounting for individuals present but not detected. The Auk 119:18-25. Williamson, D. L. 1983. Soil survey of Brooks County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., USA.   Ã‚  

Humorous Best Man Speech -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Best Man Speech The hotel management have asked me to ask you not to stand on the tables or chairs during the standing ovation at the end of my speech. Now, I asked around for an idea of how long my speech should last, and the general response was about as long as it takes the groom to make love. So with that in mind, thank you, you have been a wonderful audience. (Sit and then get back up) I think an introduction is worthwhile. For those of you who do not yet know me my name is Whatwouldvouliketodrink. I hope as many of you will come and say hello at the bar later, but I do insist you use my full name. At this point I would like to thank the groom for his kind words. I would also like to add my own appreciation. I think you'll all agree the bridesmaids both look lovely today in their dresses and I know the bride wants me to thank them for the help they have provided, not only today but in the weeks and months leading up to the wedding. I would like to propose a toast. Ladies and gentlemen, the bridesmaids. I'm sure a number of the guys here today have been a best man at a wedding before, but I wonder how many of you have ever received written guidelines from the bride to be. I would like to read you an e-mail that the bride sent me prior to the wedding. (Produce e-mail) Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink (Remember that is my name) I was very pleased when you were asked to be best man at our wedding. I have known you for some time now and I cannot think of anybody more charismatic, intelligent, better looking or downright sexy than you to fulfill this crucial role on our big day. As we get close to the wedding day, most tasks have been... ...tion?" Big & Bouncy magazine.) Obviously my toasts are going to focus on the most important people here today. The people we all feel a great love for and without whom today wouldn't be possible. At some stage in the evening I’m sure we will all be sharing with them our thoughts from this special day and giving them our love and best wishes so I would like to propose a toast to: the bar staff. Now the real version. I would like to thank the groom for asking me to be his best man. It has been a pleasure helping them prepare for today. For all the banter that has passed between us it should be fairy obvious that we are the best of mates. I am going to finish now by asking you to join me in wishing them many years of happiness. Ladies and gentlemen, the bride and groom. That's the end of my speech. I am sure you will be as glad as me that there is no more.

Relationship-based governance system Essay

1. What is the relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility? 2. What is your opinion of GAP International is having a code of conduct for its suppliers? What would Milton Friedman say? Contrast his view with Archie Carroll’s view. 3. Does a company have to act selflessly to be considered socially responsible? For example, when building a new plant, a corporation voluntarily invested in additional equipment that enabled it to reduce its pollution emissions beyond any current laws. Knowing that it would be very expensive for its competitors to do the same, the firm lobbied the government to make pollution regulations more restrictive on the entire industry. Is this company socially responsible? Were its managers acting ethically? 4. Are the people living in a relationship-based governance system likely to be unethical in business dealings? 5. Given that people rarely use a company’s code of ethics to guide their decision making, what good are the codes?

Eugene Delacroix the first ethnographic essayEssay Writing Service

Eugene Delacroix the first ethnographic essayEssay Writing Service Eugene Delacroix the first ethnographic essay Eugene Delacroix the first ethnographic essayThe Orient has been a central attraction to both the Western artists during the nineteenth century, and in this period a number of Oriental tales and pictures help shaped ideas of the East and feeds into stereotypical perceptions of the Orient lands; particularly Turkey, Eygypt, Syria and more recently North Africa. These works of art not only help us to understand how prominent artists interpreted the orient of his dream, but also points to popular changing perceptions, conflicts and how art can contribute to the way in which we perceive the Orient during that era. A number of artist are prey to received idea of the Orient as lawless, barbaric and backward by engaging and reproducing such political orientalist thoughts into their works. Many of these works continue to be particularly relevant today, when a range of challenges and current debates continuously challenge the ways in which we think about, and come to terms with, the Orient.Of these various challenges, this essay will in particular focus on the issue of contradiction and ambiguities surrounding Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)   as an ethnographer during his voyage to North Africa, in 1832.Being relatively new to the country’s social, political and geographic structure, Delacroix struggled with ‘coming to terms’ with the reality that was before him. In order to explore the possibility of Delacroix being the first ethnographer to have traversed through North Africa, this essay will draw on Delacroix’s watercolour sketches; A courtyard in Tangier; Arab woman sitting on some cushions, study for the Women in Algiers; Arab fantasia in front of The gates of Meknes. This essay will also analyse Delacroix’s oil paintings; Jewish Wedding; Women of Algiers In their Apartment; Moroccans conducting Military Exercises (Fantasia).  Ã‚   All these paintings have a connection to Delacroix journey and through the comparative analysis bet ween these paintings, a wealth of notes can be drawn from, learnt and interpreted.Firstly, this essay will provide a brief overview of Delacroix’s pre-North Africa conception of the oriental scene in order to contextualise the significance   of his later construction of Oriental art. Secondly, the essay will draw from his watercolour sketches in order to consider how he grappled with being confronted by the aesthetic spectacles of North Africa and demonstrate how Delacroix’s direct relationship with the Orient space may or may not have transformed his vision and approach of the Orient. Thirdly, this essay will contrast Delacroix’s watercolour sketches with that of his major canvases, and consider elements that perhaps could justify Delacroix’s transformation from the orientalist artist to the ethnographic one.  Prior to North Africa, Delacroix had been a proponent of the Romantic whose skill set in George P. Mras[1] view involves subject matters that are exotic and whose aim in structuring composition is to heighten emotional response and drama, with the use of the artist’s personal interpretation and imagination. Hence, Delacroix approach to Orient themes then, was filled with violence and cruelty in the oriental subjects. Death of Sardanapulas (1826), for example, influenced from Lord Byron’s 1821 tragedy Sardanapulus[3], incorporated these romanticised elements. The tone to the tragedy was elevated with the addition of more dead bodies and murders than the original scene, the reds and yellows in this image intensified the scene and made it more disorderly to the eye.The clever use of lighting draws our eyes towards the moment of disorder at the center of the picture, illuminating the atmosphere of death and destruction. The artist deliberate enhancement to the original imagery only stressed strong degree of pain, suffering and tortures which highlights the barbaric nature of the Orient. Such paintings are classi c examples of artworks which explicitly served the political interest in Orientalist art that fed the nature of orientalist thoughts of the period.The Death of Sardanapalus (1827) is the early paining created several years before his trip to North Africa. The Death of Sardanapalus contains strong orientalist trends which, to a certain extent are similar to those depicted in his Saada, the Wife of Abraham Benchimol, and Preciada, One of Their Daughters (1832). The Death of Sardanapalus focuses on the depiction of the last days of the ancient king Sardanapalus, who decided to kill his wives, servants and himself to escape from enemies, who were about to capture his city[4]. However, European trends are stronger in this painting compared to the watercolor painting created during his trip to North Africa. For instance, the female nudity was traditional for European art of that time.Delacroix’s freedom of visual expression evident in his watercolour sketches (1832) affected percep tions of the stereotypical Orientalist thoughts in a very different, perhaps more subtle, way than his earlier works. It also mark a departure from his previous intense styles. Perhaps this freedom was due to his effort to preserve the fleeting experience that may be lost if not instantaneously captured[5], and at the same time revealing imageries, techniques and aesthetic discourse that are fresh. Whats remarkable about Delacroix’s sketches is that despite the hasten showcased a discipline that is conservative and pure in its content. Brahim Alaoui[6] concludes that Delacroix’s ability to capture   shed his pre conceived notion of the Orient, and freed himself of former prejudices and had approached Morocco with a fresher, newer outlook.This can seen in watercolour sketches created by Delacroix, including A courtyard in Tangier; Arab woman sitting on some cushions, study for the Women in Algiers; Arab fantasia in front of The gates of Meknes. These sketches are ligh t hearted attempts to record the authentic environment of Arabs.He paints with great vividness and emotion but with the minimal use of bright colours. Such superficial but detailed sketches resemble the documentation, archiving and note taking, collecting details and architecture of those communities, which Delacroix attended during his trip to North Africa. His trip brought him new impressions and bright emotions uncovering the truth about the life of local tribes and people inhabiting Arab countries and Maghreb region.However, in accordance with Brahim Alaoui’s description, Elizabeth Fraser argues thatOn the one hand, we have Edward Said and Linda Nochlin arguing that European culturally-embedded stereotypes about North Africa were reproduced in artistic and cultural production, regardless of what artists encountered.Through the myriad of studies in watercolour of various subjects of the everyday was amassed during his journey, it is showcases Delacroix versatility in captu ringand these were later mixed and match used much later, in his major canvases. Watercolour studies like Arab Interior and A courtyard in Tangier are examples of an ethnographic documentation of the living conditions of the people in Morocco and such sketches are used in his major canvases, years down the road. Both sites display an airy, spacious room painted with a thin layer of paint that emphasised the light feel of the site. Delacroix has employed exceptional skill and care in authentically reproducing intricate detail of the architectural structure (anathema to his usual painterly practice), this painting is designed to communicate the inherent cultural differences of the East. Details from A courtyard in Tangier was also later used as the main scene for his oil painting The Jewish Wedding (1837/41).Apart from Delacroix’s fascination with the architectures in North Africa, he was also interested in the human and social areas and this is seen in his watercolours Arab fa ntasia in front of The gates of Meknes and the study for the Women in Algiers. Delacroix recorded those activities in his sketch to show the lifestyle of Arabs which was different from the traditional lifestyle of Europeans. More important, it was different from the lifestyle of Arabs imagined by Orientalists. Another sketch, Arab Interior shows the interior architecture and design of traditional Arab households. Delacroix makes the sketch but records distinct details that help viewers to understand the atmosphere of the interior of Arab households and the lifestyle of people. Light walls decorated with some paintings, places to seat located close to the window, the arch above the seats, densely decorated window and other elements convey the original atmosphere of Arab household. Even thought this watercolour is just a sketch but still it conveys details that allow viewers to understand main elements of the dà ©cor and interior of Arab buildings and households. Delacroix’s s ketch is the view from within the building.Arab woman sitting on some cushions; Study for The Women of Algiers is another watercolour sketch that also shows the interior of Arab household but, unlike Arab Interior, Arab woman sitting on some cushions; Study for The Women of Algiers depicts a woman lying on cushions. Her posture is absolutely natural, lazy in a way, and apparently relaxed. She is not confused at all. There are no signs of anxiety on her face, but her eyes are looking a bit downward that may be the implication of some embarrassment from uncovering her private life to a stranger, like Delacroix. Nevertheless, she is not over-agitated. She leans on her elbow casually that shows that she has accustomed to such position and it is absolutely natural for her. The interior surrounding the woman is relatively simple. She lies on cushions which cover a large part of the room around her. There are no many elements of furniture, which was traditional for European interior, which Delacroix accustomed to. However, the interior depicted on Arab woman sitting on some cushions; Study for The Women of Algiers seems to be intentionally simple to show that the Arab woman is not pursuing some extraordinary comfortable conditions. The minimalism of the furniture is absolutely natural since the woman seems to have everything she needs and she is not even looking for more being satisfied with her life.In Arab fantasia in front of The gates of Meknes record in rapid and literal way what he actually observed. Arab fantasia in front of The gates of Meknes shows Arabs conducting military exercises which were probably their traditional activities. This stirring scene – a tumultuous line of violent, turbaned Arabs charging towards some hidden enemy – had as its source a fantasia viewed by Delacroix while in Morocco: a choreographed military spectacle that is unique to Morocco, whose origin was, as its name suggests, more in the imagination than actuality. The painter’s fluid and gestural brushwork, the sharp contours and the rich palette, produce an image of the Orient as dazzling and theatrical, a wild place of dust and violence.After his trip to North Africa, the artist attempted to convey the authentic spirit and way of life of North Africa which was quite different from the one he used to. At this point, his earlier works, like The Death of Sardanapalus (1827), are absolutely different from his post-trip works. The Death of Sardanapalus is vulnerable to the considerable influence of Orientalism, whereas Arab fantasia in front of The gates of Meknes reflects the authentic way of life of the population of North Africa. In such a way, the artist attempted to show the real life and the different way of life of the local population to make Europeans acquainted with the totally different culture. At the same time, he debunked those Orientalist myths concerning North Africa that prevailed in European culture before his trip to the re gion.Delacroix preserved in his attempt to make sketchlike technique as an expressive device – a visual stimulus intended to activate the viewer’s imagination into creative response.[7] However, his oil canvases have a stronger impact on the audience due to the use of richer colours and concise brush moves, especially in the center of his paintings, such as Women of Algiers In their Apartment, where the artist depicts females in details. His brush moves are accurate and mirror the certainty of the painter in every move he made. This oil canvas depicts vividly the interior of the female part of Arab household. Again the author depicts the same cushions, minimalistic interior with a few elements of furniture and cushions on the carpet covering the floor of the room. Women sitting on the carpet and cushions or leaning on them talk to each other but there are no males around them. this details is important because Delacroix shows local traditions of segregation of male and female parts of households. By the way, the same trend can be traced in Delacroix’s Jewish Wedding oil on canvas created in 1837. The artist depicts the Jewish wedding, which he probably witnessed during his trip to North Africa. The distinct feature of this painting is the presence of males only with a woman dancing in the left part of the painting. This painting basically supports the male/female segregation in North African communities. Hence, the author shows distinct features of the traditional lifestyle, rites, architecture, interior and decorations of households of people living in North Africa. Delacroix pays attention to details of clothing, relations between people, and their lifestyle.Thus, Delacroix became the first ethnographic artist, who recorded the life of people in North Africa, their lifestyle, habits, clothing, entertainments, architecture, interior, gender relations and many other issues. Canvases and sketches mentioned above show the development and evo lution of Delacroix. Sketches and canvases discussed above show the evolution of Delacroix from the artist influenced by European Orientalism to the ethnographic artist, who first made sketches to record important details of the life of people living in North Africa, while later oil canvases created after his return from Africa complete the transformation of his views and show that Delacroix became the first ethnographic artist revealing the different way of life of North African people compared to the traditional way of life of Europeans.[1] Sheriff, M.D. (2010). Cultural Contact and the Making of European Art since the Age of Exploration. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press[2] metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm[3] artble.com/artists/eugene_delacroix/paintings/the_death_of_sardanapalus[4] Delacroix, E. (1827). The Death of Sardanapalus. Available online from artble.com/imgs/e/7/a/934950/the_death_of_sardanapalus.jpg[5] Sheriff, M.D. (2010). Cultural Contact and the Making of European Art since the Age of Exploration. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press[6] Ibid.[7] Pg 79 eugene delacroix’s theory of art by George P. Mras, Princeston, New Jersey, Princeton university Press, 1966, published for the department of art and archeology

Free Essays on Homosexual Adoption

â€Å"Everyone with the potential to successfully parent a child in foster care of adoption is entitled to fair and equal consideration regardless of sexual orientation or differing life style or physical appearance.† - North American Council on Adoptable Children (March 14, 1998) Through adoption, foster care, and artificial insemination, the United States, in the past 10 years, has experienced an increase in the number of lesbians and gay men shaping families and households. Estimated research shows that the total number of children being raised by at least one homosexual parent in the United States today includes anywhere from six to fourteen million adolescents. States all throughout the country are working to save the best interests of children with gay parents. At least twenty-one states have allowed gay and lesbian parents the right of second-parent adoptions. This process grants children the right to benefit having two legal parents. It principally keeps adolescents under the supervision of a legal guardian, should one of their parents die or become incapacitated. However, many parts of the country still do not allow homosexual men and women to become legal parents. Though adoption agencies may be full of children in desperate need of a home, many organizations do not believe that gays and lesbians are fit to parent children in the United States. Several states have used an individuals’ sexual orientation to deny them custody, adoption, visitation rights, and foster care for children. For example, in Florida and New Hampshire, laws have been accepted that ban lesbians and gay men from ever legally adopting children. In addition, Arkansas has just taken on a new policy that prohibits homosexuals and their families from allocating as foster parents. Many people will openly admit to believing that homosexuals are not fit to be parents. The ignorant misconception of many is that, in order for a child to grow up to b... Free Essays on Homosexual Adoption Free Essays on Homosexual Adoption â€Å"Everyone with the potential to successfully parent a child in foster care of adoption is entitled to fair and equal consideration regardless of sexual orientation or differing life style or physical appearance.† - North American Council on Adoptable Children (March 14, 1998) Through adoption, foster care, and artificial insemination, the United States, in the past 10 years, has experienced an increase in the number of lesbians and gay men shaping families and households. Estimated research shows that the total number of children being raised by at least one homosexual parent in the United States today includes anywhere from six to fourteen million adolescents. States all throughout the country are working to save the best interests of children with gay parents. At least twenty-one states have allowed gay and lesbian parents the right of second-parent adoptions. This process grants children the right to benefit having two legal parents. It principally keeps adolescents under the supervision of a legal guardian, should one of their parents die or become incapacitated. However, many parts of the country still do not allow homosexual men and women to become legal parents. Though adoption agencies may be full of children in desperate need of a home, many organizations do not believe that gays and lesbians are fit to parent children in the United States. Several states have used an individuals’ sexual orientation to deny them custody, adoption, visitation rights, and foster care for children. For example, in Florida and New Hampshire, laws have been accepted that ban lesbians and gay men from ever legally adopting children. In addition, Arkansas has just taken on a new policy that prohibits homosexuals and their families from allocating as foster parents. Many people will openly admit to believing that homosexuals are not fit to be parents. The ignorant misconception of many is that, in order for a child to grow up to b...

Public Law 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Public Law 3 - Essay Example However, the so called judicial power in re the HRA is not as ideal as it would seem with respect to existing primary legislations because even if the courts can declare it as incompatible with convention rights, it is at the pleasure of the Parliament to revoke, modify or alter that legislation. The judicial power to declare incompatibility with convention rights therefore does not subsume the power to strike down primary legislation (Wright 2001 p 15). The HRA, in effect, pits entities called public authorities vis-à  -vis convention rights, and determines if the former have committed acts that violate the convention rights of the latter. The impact of the HRA is that it compels local courts to take into consideration the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg concerning cases involving the HRA rather than the usual reliance on their own precedents. Previously, the courts were under no compulsion to religiously follow the ECPHR provisions. This is because the act of the state in entering into an international treaty cannot and does not affect a state’s domestic law. In fact the ECHR played only a secondary role in court decisions prior to the HRA. This court perspective was illustrated by Lord Denning when he remarked: â€Å"The Convention is drafted in a style very different from the way in which we are used to in legislation. It contains wide general statements of principle. They are apt to lead m uch difficulty in application because they give rise to much uncertainty. [†¦] So it is much better for us to stick to our statutes and principles, and only look to the Convention for guidance in case of doubt† (Faulks & Warnock 2008). The English courts however, did not totally discount the ECHR provisions prior to its incorporation into domestic law. In one of the cases, Lord Bridge remarked that â€Å"it is well settled that that, in construing any

Argumentative Synthesis-Extreme Obedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argumentative Synthesis-Extreme Obedience - Essay Example in addition, is the factor that led to the regime’s collapse and dissertation amidst stripping of anything that could be looted by the prisoners such as windows, doors and bricks. This paper describes the implications engulfed in the extreme obedience necessity. The open answer to the extreme obedience necessity is a no. Extreme obedience suppresses creativity and innovation, as people are afraid of giving their innate opinions to the relevant authorities. Morality and military obedience though necessary should allow for the exchange of liberal opinions between the junior military officers and senior ones. During the Vietnam era, divergent opinions in scholarly and secular writing predominantly was a sign of disobedience to authorities especially the military authority (Milgram & Zimbardo, 2009). Nonetheless, psychologically, the suppression of military groups in relation to their morality and obedience was the factor that led to the dysfunctional nature of the warfare activities in which the military personnel were undertaking. Currently, there have emerged change times in regard to morality and military obedience hence the emergence of ultimate shifts of attitude towards obedience as reflected on the dual military tension between autonomy and freedom of individual soldiers. In conclusion, in order for human beings to aptly maintain their social stability and individuality, a balance between insubordination and obedience must be achieved through a liberal collective bargain between the authorities and the individuals. Obedience is overly harmful especially in extreme cases where it appears to be the reason for all the individualistic physical and or mental anguish. Okinawa’s residential protest in Japan in commemoration of the Second World War postulates a situational cause of mental and physical anguish as a result of continues and forceful obedience into these residents. The American military was preeminently portrayed as the party charged with causing